Ph. D. in French. Specialty in the field of French Medieval, Renaissance and Seventeenth Century Drama. Dissertation topic: connections between late Medieval French farce’s theatrical mechanisms and the Feast of Fools, the works of Bruegel, and Molière’s comedies. Minor: English and Dutch/Flemish Medieval and Renaissance Drama. University of California, Irvine, 1985.

M.A. in French. University of California, Irvine, 1982.

Licentiate in Romance Philology. Major: French; Minors: Spanish and Philosophy. Thesis subject: “Tom Sawyer en traduction, une vision de Twain en France.” Katholieke Universiteit Leuven at Louvain, Belgium, 1974.

Senior year at and graduation from Swea City High School, Iowa, 1969.

Six‑year classical Latin-Greek curriculum in Secondary Education. Sint-Michielscollege Brasschaat, Belgium, 1968.

California Teaching Credential in English as a Second Language, 1981.

California Community College Teaching Credential in French, 1980.

Track and Field Coaching Certificate, Belgian Ministry of Culture, 1973.